Abstract: Sustainability in the cotton supply chain has become a critical concern due to the industry’s significant environmental and social impacts. This research paper examines the cotton supply chain through the lens of sustainability, analysing each stage—from cultivation and harvesting to textile manufacturing and retail distribution. The study highlights key challenges, including water consumption, pesticide use, carbon emissions, and labour rights issues, particularly in developing countries. It also explores the role of sustainable farming practices, certification systems (e.g., Organic, Better Cotton Initiative), and supply chain transparency in promoting environmental stewardship and ethical sourcing. Through case studies and current data, the paper identifies best practices and emerging technologies aimed at reducing the ecological footprint of cotton production while ensuring economic viability for stakeholders. This research underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among farmers, manufacturers, brands, and consumers to build a more sustainable and responsible cotton supply chain.
Keywords: Sustainability, Environment, Harvesting, Manufacturing, Certification
Author: Bindu Priya and Rebecca Nelson
doi: https://doie.org/10.10346/AE.2025408489
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